Bio-derived Lignin Interface Engineering for High-Performance Silicon Photodiodes with Enhanced Photodetection and Antibacterial Functionality
JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS, cilt.1, ss.1-29, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10904-026-04546-9
- Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Scopus, Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-29
- Hakkari Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study addresses the following research question: Can unmodified commercial lignin function as a solution-processable interfacial layer that simultaneously regulates the electrical properties of a silicon Schottky junction and introduces photodetection and passive antibacterial functionality? To answer this question, reference Au/p-Si/Al and Au/Lignin/p-Si/Al photodiodes were fabricated under comparable conditions and investigated using complementary structural, chemical, optical, electrical, photoresponse, and microbiological analyses. Spin coating produced a continuous lignin film with a thickness of 135 ± 5 nm and an optical band gap of 2.85 ± 0.05 eV. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the phenolic, methoxy, carbonyl, and other oxygen-containing functionalities of the lignin layer. Compared with the reference diode, lignin incorporation decreased the ideality factor from 1.65 to 1.28, increased the thermionic-emission barrier height from 0.71 to 0.86 eV, and increased the rectification ratio from approximately 9.6 × 10¹ to 1.3 × 10³. The average effective interface-state density decreased by approximately 47.6%, from 6.27 × 10¹² to 3.29 × 10¹² eV⁻¹ cm⁻². At 520 nm, the device exhibited a responsivity of approximately 210 A W⁻¹ and an estimated shot-noise-limited specific detectivity of 2.28 × 10¹³ Jones. Its high external quantum efficiency indicates the presence of an effective internal-gain contribution. Passive antibacterial testing yielded inhibition-zone diameters of 15.8 ± 0.7 mm for E. coli and 13.1 ± 0.6 mm for S. aureus, with viable-cell reductions of 85.6% and 75.4%, respectively. These findings show that lignin can serve as a renewable multifunctional interlayer that combines junction regulation, high-gain photodetection, and antibacterial surface activity without requiring chemically complex lignin composites.